Many Silicon Valley home buyers rely on PMI, or Private Mortgage Insurance, to purchase a house or condo. But what is it and who needs it?

Private mortgage insurance is usually required with loans in which the buyer has less than a 20% down payment.

PMI does not protect you, the residential real estate consumer. It protects your lender in case you default!

FHA loans don’t have PMI but instead there is a “government guarantee” and for that you pay a premium – so not called PMI but it works similarly. The cost may range from 1 – 2.5%.

FHA or Conventional with PMI?

If you have less than 5% down, FHA will be your only option. But between 5 and 20% down, you may choose.

If you are trying to decide between FHA and conventional loan products with PMI, talk to you mortgage broker or banker to see which one really costs more in the long run, factoring in the total package of interest rates, premium rate etc. (FHA loans may come at a lower interest rate but with other added costs – so don’t just compare interest rates.)  The result may depend on the loan to value of the property, your credit score, and other factors. There don’t seem to be any “easy answers” as to which one is necessarily better.  This decision will require a little research!

If you expect to be bidding in multiple offers, this is another consideration too – it can be very hard for home buyers in the South Bay to win out in multiples if they are using FHA financing (as opposed to conventional).

Finally, like HOA dues, PMI is not something you can usually deduct from your income taxes (unless the PMI cost was simply rolled into your interest rate).  Please talk to your lender and tax professional for more information on PMI and the tax ramifications.

Related reading:

Is your lender pushing you into an FHA loan?

The challenge of being an FHA home buyer in a seller’s market

First Time Home Buyer with FHA Financing? Make Sure That Your Offer is Well Drafted!

For several years, we’ve seen declining residential real estate prices in much of Silicon Valley.  In many areas, though, prices are now either flat or bouncing up and down within a small range such that the probable buyer’s value or market value is very close to where it was a year or two ago.  Today’s San Jose Mercury News reports

“In a report to be released Monday, Clear Capital, a real estate valuations company in Truckee, predicts that prices will remain almost flat this year — compared with a 4.7 percent drop in 2011 — in the San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont metropolitan area, including Contra Costa County. Silicon Valley should see a 1.6 percent increase in home prices, compared with a 2.5 percent drop last year, the company said.” (Bolding mine.)

A small, modest increase in pricing is usually healthy for home sales as it gives buyers the confidence needed to finally take the plunge. It’s immensely challenging for people to buy when they believe any product – cards, home appliances or houses – will be cheaper in a day, a week or a month.

Home sellers who have wanted to move up from a starter home to the one they hope to spend decades in have felt somewhat trapped by lack of equity in many cases.  In others, the idea of selling for less than at the peak was so upsetting that they felt terrible about moving ahead prior to a full recovery.  Most now understand that getting back to prices at the peak of the realty market in San Jose and Santa Clara County will take many years.

Some of them are tired of waiting and are electing to forget about the profit they could have had if they’d sold at the peak.  These folks have decided to make the jump now to get on with their lives, despite less equity than hoped for initially, while at least interest rates are so favorable.  (It should be added that the move-up home will now cost less also!)  This can be a very wise decision since buying a house, townhouse or condo is usually not one purchase but two: you’re buying the loan product also and the total cost of home ownership should factor in both the costs over the lifetime of the loan as well as the purchase price. (more…)

Recently I was speaking with a neighbor of mine in Los Gatos who’s a high powered lender with decades of experience all over Santa Clara County.  In the last year or two she’s been doing many more FHA backed loans, rather than conventional ones, as smart home buyers, especially first time home buyers, try to get into a house while both home prices and interest rates are at record lows.  This makes a lot of sense as it can take a long time to save 20% or more and in that time, both interest rates and real estate prices in Silicon Valley could go through the roof.  (If my kids were out of college and working, I’d be encouraging them to buy a home using FHA backed financing too.)

FHA backed mortgages do require a lot more work, though, so I extended my sympathy that she’s having to jump through so many hoops and that they are for much smaller sales prices (many areas of San Jose have dropped 35 – 40% since the market collapse).  Mortgage brokers often make about 1% of the value of the loan as their compensation, so I imagined this great loan officer spending twice as much time with FHA paperwork as on a normal loan, on a smaller priced property, resulting in “half the pay for twice the work”.

Apparently that’s not the case with FHA loans!

“It’s better for me when the buyer uses FHA”, she assured me.  Really?  “Instead of getting 1 point, we are often paid 2.5 points when we close an FHA loan.”   That didn’t seem unfair to me since there’s a lot more paperwork involved.  But consumers probably don’t realize that their banker or mortgage broker will be paid much more if the loan is FHA backed rather than conventional.

If you have saved enough money for a conventional loan product but your lender is pushing FHA, be doubly careful before deciding what to do. There are pros and cons to each loan product you buy (you are “buying” or “paying for” a loan).  Make sure that you aren’t getting FHA financing only because it is more profitable for your lender.

How common are “all cash” transactions for Silicon Valley real estate right now?  Throughout Santa Clara County, they were 20% of all sales among houses, duet homes, condominiums and townhouses (class 1 and class 2, does not include mobile homes, 2-4plex or apartment buildings or raw land).

Some areas and some types of sales are more frequently all cash than others.  Here are a few quick stats for the last month (last 30 days from today – numbers from MLSListings, crunched by me – disclaimer on good intentions but no guarantee):

• Santa Clara County: 20% all cash
• San Jose (entire city): 24% all cash
• San Jose short sales: 33% all cash
• San Jose bank owned or REO sales: 37% all cash
• Short sales & REOs were 48% of all sales in San Jose in the last month
• Of SJ homes listed at $300,000 or less: 48% all cash
• Los Gatos & Monte Sereno: zero sales all cash
• Saratoga: 29% all cash
• Almaden Valley area of San Jose: 14% all cash

Some of these sales will have no financing and the new owners will occupy the home.  Particularly in lower priced homes, though, these are investor buyers who will be renting out the property.  This is often the case with the lower price distressed properties in particular.  In higher priced homes, some new owners will put financing on the property after close of escrow.

With the crazy new demands that keep coming at us from banks and new requirements being imposed on appraisers, now more than ever, cash is king.  That doesn’t mean that the cash buyer will get a deep discount, but there will be a slight one in most cases and certainly preferential treatment that will create a great advantage in multiple offer situations.

Learn more about buying and selling Silicon Valley real estate with cash offers:

Cash offers: what do you need to know if buying “all cash”?

Q & A: Making an Offer

What’s My Silicon Valley Home Worth? Estimating the Probable Buyer’s Value  (financing impacts market value)

Recently I closed a transaction in which the lender was a total flake.  (The buyer did not find this lender by referral of his Realtor, but instead was induced by the lure of a rebate.) The sale closed almost 2 weeks late because the flaky lender dropped the ball, repeatedly. Needless to say, this caused aggravation but also extra costs.

But there was a saving grace: she and her office were both local.  The buyer’s agent was able to drive over to that flaky lender’s office, and when the lender herself wasn’t in, the buyer’s agent was able to speak with the manager – face to face. And that helped a lot.

Never underestimate the importance of getting a lender who is both local and highly referred – preferably by your agent.  Why? Because you might only have one transaction but that agent or Realtor might be the source of many. The lender will literally try harder since a bad experience will cause referrals to stop but a good one will cause them to flow.

I have found this true even at the handyman level. If I call a handyman once a year, he may not be super interested in doing an outstanding job for me.  But if he thinks I’ll have a lot of jobs for him, that’s another story.

About half the time, my buyers come to the table with their own lenders, people I don’t know at all. Sometimes it’s OK and sometimes it’s a disaster.  But when they work with the lenders I suggest, there’s seldom a big problem, if even a small one. If you are working with a good Realtor, there’s a lot to be said for asking him or her for a list of lenders who are trusted and choosing one of them.  In my experience, the odds are better for a favorable outcome if you do.

Particularly with so many home owners “underwater” and struggling to pay their bills – mortgage, property tax, HOA dues etc. – a big concern for those in common interest developments such as townhouse and condominium communities is whether or not the reserve account is well enough funded. Too often, they aren’t.

Jacquie Berry, owner of Community Association Data Source, is our local expert in HOA documents and disclosure. Recently she spoke at the Los Gatos-Saratoga Association of Realtors Wednesday breakfast meeting and shared these statistics, which are a bit scary:

There are over 48,000 homeowner associations in California; CIDs make up a quarter of all housing in the state of California; 49 percent of CIDs are self-managed and less than 25 percent are 100 percent funded in their reserves.

To read more about her comments to the realty board, please view the post on the Silicon Valley Association of Realtors blog: REALTORS® told HOA compliance is all about disclosure.

Thinking of buying a condo, townhouse, or property with an HOA? Make sure that you check out the reserve account and the rest of the disclosures to better protect yourself against raises in dues or “special assessments” later. If you are currently a member of an HOA, keep a close eye on the financial health of the group vis-a-vis the reserve account.

October first brings new limits on the conforming loans for Silicon Valley.  It used to be that conforming loans would be at the rate of 125% of the median home price of the county, but that was to be temporary and eventually drop back to 115% of the area rate.  That’s what has happened now.  The conforming loan rate has dropped throughout Silicon Valley (Santa Clara County, San Mateo County, Alameda County, Santa Cruz County) from  $729,750 to $625,500.  This is true for most of the San Francisco Bay Area.

Some counties have been harder hit than others during the economic downturn and housing crisis.  While the San Jose, South Bay and Peninsula areas saw a loss in the conforming rates of $104,250, in Monterey County it is much worse.  They have gone from $729,750 down to $483,000 – a whopping $246,750 drop.  The same is true in Napa.  Alternatively, some of the really rural California counties saw no drop in this rate at all: Plumas, Humbolt, Siskiyou, Tehama, Tulare, Fresno and several other more agricultural counties saw no change at all.

How does this financing change impact you?

For properties under the conforming rate, there should be little impact that I can predict. So too for very expensive or luxury properties – this should not change anything. But for more houses or condos in between, particularly where the 80% loan to value limits are caught in the crossfire of this change, between about $780,000 and $912,000,  it could be significant because higher interest rates impact buying power. Let’s look at an example. (more…)