What Is A Default in a Real Estate Transaction or Contract?
Friday, July 23rd, 2010
How many home buyers and sellers understand what a default is? Consumers often confuse the term default with cancelling the sale at any time – even backing out of a contract during the contingency period for a legitimate reason. Cancellation does not always mean default, though – there are some fair ways and times to get out of contract without it being a default.
Default is a strong word which refers to a failure to do something promised in contract or not doing it on time; we sometimes call it “non-performance”. In the purchase agreement, buyers and sellers both make promises to do certain things within a certain timeframe, so either one could potentially default. For instance, the following items are areas where a buyer could default:
- not putting the initial deposit (good faith deposit) into escrow on time
- cancelling the sale after removing all contingencies or without cause allowed by the contract
- not removing contingencies on time (or possibly ignoring other deadlines)
- not completing loan papers on time
Sellers, too, can be guilty of defaulting on contractual promises. Here are some areas in which a seller could default:
- not moving out on time
- not providing completed disclosures or reports on time
- not having work done which was contractually required (such as pest work or repairs)
- not keeping the power & water on for inspections and final walk through
- causing a delay in closing due to not signing off on time
In Silicon Valley, there are two purchase agreement forms in use: the California Association of Realtors (CAR) contract and the Peninsula Regional Data Service (PRDS) contract. Generally speaking, the PRDS & CAR contracts are similar on many points. They are not so similar in the treatment of defaults, though.
Oddly, the CAR contract only mentions the word default twice, and in both cases the topic is a buyer’s default, first in the liquidated damages paragraph (25) and next in the other terms & conditions paragraph (27).
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